Disadvantages of using smart phones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disadvantages of using smart phones - Essay Example However, the change has led to a number of challenges. The paper focus on disadvantages of using smart phones. The current usage of smart phones has enabled users to do a variety of things. However, the usage has led to a number of disadvantages. First, the gadget is too expensive as compared to the mobile phones that were used in the past. This means that the user have to use extra money in order to acquire a gadget. The extra pay is due to extra application in these phones. As noted by the author a basic phone may cost $50 to $90 as compared to $200 to $300 of smart phones (Butler 1). Therefore, the extra comfort of the smart phones is achieved at a higher price than the non-smart phones. Secondly, the smart phones have led to decreased social interaction. The phones have been noted to divert people attention from the real world. Hence, it makes it difficult for people to underatnd and appreciate the world. For example, the usage of these phones makes it difficult for people to have phsical intercation. The interaction has been minimal as people can interact using these phones through email, calls, and even social sites application installed on the phones. Hence, most of the people do not see the need of having a physical interaction due to convenience of communication that occur in using these phones. Moreover, dependence on these phones may lead to a form of addiction. Once the addiction occurs it will be difficult for one to disassociate from the gadgets. The addition can affect individual well-being due to high level of activity due to dependence of the gadgets. As noted by Schloter, â€Å"The most dangerous thing is to fall into a mode of permanent activity and continuously consult one’s smartphone to see whether any new mails have come in† (Association for Psychological Science (APS) 1). The lament by Schotler clearly shows effect that can occur on dependence on smart phones. In fact, few months later

Prewriting Strategies Essay Example for Free

Prewriting Strategies Essay 1. In academic writing, assignments may require students to present the results of their research without including their personal opinion. By avoiding first- and second- person pronouns, and writing in the third person will help one doing so. The use of first- and second- person also gives the writing an informal feel. When writing academically, the writer should always be formal. 2. www.jackiekcooper.com/MovieReviews/Limitless.html a.In this movie, Jackie Cooper has the starring role and holds his own even in scenes with the legendary star Robert De Niro. In this sentence the adjective legendary describes Robert De Niro. b.In the film Cooper plays Eddie Morra, a down-on-his-luck aspiring writer. The adjective describes the writer as being aspiring. c.His girlfriend Lindy is fed up with his shiftless ways and breaks up with him. The adjective describes his ways as shiftless. d.When he takes the pill, his life becomes much clearer. The adjective describes life as clearer. e.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adverb describes how De Niro acted in the role. f.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adjective describes the role as not great. g.In â€Å"Limitless† the story centers totally on his character and he rises to the occasion to give the role his all. The adverb describes how the story centers on his character. h.Eddie may be riding high for a while but there is always that possibility of him falling down or being brought down. The adverb describes how Eddie is riding. Over all, the critic used the adjectives and adverbs in a very descriptive and effective way. 3. This class has already taught us that although we may have the imagination to write, we have much more to learn about proper academic writing mechanics. The most important lesson we have learned is to proofread carefully. When we first started our studies at the University of Phoenix, we were not aware of the significant difference between academic writing and casual writing. The difference between academic writing and casual writing is becoming clearer to us. The difference between the two is clearest when we receive instructor feedback. We will continue to pay closer attention to details in our writing. This is the way that we will change our focus in the future and also the way we will come closest to achieving our goals. 4. There are three key parts of a paragraph; the topic sentence or introductions, the body of the paragraph or supporting information, and the conclusion that summarizes the content of the paragraph. 5. It is important that the topic sentence and supporting points within that paragraph be directly related or else the writer’s message will be lost, and the reader will be confused. The writing will not flow smoothly, and the reader will be forced to work at trying to figure out exactly what they are reading. Unless the topic sentence and supporting paragraphs do not connect or relate, the reader will be left confused. In the end, the reader may dismiss the frustrating writing altogether. 6. An evaluation is the writer’s informed judgment about a reading. The author did a great job summarizing and tying in what they have learned from the reading. The author was able to relate to the topic by adding an experience he or she conducted to the material. One thing the author could have done better was to point out why he or she thought it was a good overview.

Conflicts, Climax and Resolution of Hawthorne’s The Ministers Black Ve

     Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the conflict(s) in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†? Does it resolve after a climax? This essay intends to address these questions. Hugo McPherson in â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology† makes a statement regarding the nature of the conflict in the works of Hawthorne: Everything he has to say is related, finally, to ‘that inward sphere.’ For the heart is the meeting-place of all the forces – spiritual and physical, light and dark, that compete for dominance in man’s nature. †¦Those who read him as a Christian moralist recognize instantly an opposition between Head and Heart, reason and passion which is related not only to Puritan theology but to the Neo-Classical view of man†¦.(68-69)    The conflict involving pride and humility, sin and evil, is the direction that Clarice Swisher in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography† tends: â€Å"Hawthorne himself was preoccupied with the problems of evil, the nature of sin, the conflict between pride and humility† (13).    In the opinion of this reader, the central conflicts – the relation between the protagonist and antagonist (Abrams 225) - in the tale are an internal one, a spiritual-moral conflict within the minister, the Reverend Mr. Hooper, and an external one with the world at large represented by the congregation. This evaluation seems to reflect Swisher’s first two considerations of evil and sin, and implicitly reflect the â€Å"conflict between pride and humility.† Wilson Sullivan in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne† tells where the author got the idea of a conflict between good and evil:    He looked back, deeply back into America’s Puritan past, the era of the New England theocracy, when the conflict of good and evil, freedom and tyranny, love and hatr... ... Library. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=HawMini.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=1&division=div1    Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Fawcett Premier, 1966.    McPherson, Hugo. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Use of Mythology.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Sullivan, Wilson. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne.† In New England Men of Letters. New York: Macmillan Co., 1972.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Williams, Stanley T. â€Å"Hawthorne’s Puritan Mind.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.

The Identity of Thomas Pynchon :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Identity of Thomas Pynchon The identity of Thomas Pynchon is as elusive as the sticky, complex webs of meaning woven into his prose. As America's most "famous" hidden author, Pynchon produces works which simultaneously deal with issues of disappearance and meaning, of identity and nothingness in a fashion that befuddles some and delights others. He speaks to the world from his invisible pulpit, hiding behind a curtain of anonymity that safely disguises his personality from the prying eyes of critics and fans alike. Without a public author presence, readers are forced to derive the identity of the author instead from the author's actual works. When searching for the identity of Pynchon, and indeed the notion of identity itself, the novels of Thomas Pynchon offer an interesting starting point. Questions of identity and meaning are shrouded beneath a veil of conspiracy in The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon's second novel and his shortest. Throughout the novel there are snatches of hidden agendas and mysterious plans; it is a world run by Pierce Inverarity, a character who is dead when the novel opens yet remains an active presence throughout the work. This seems to fit Pynchon's situation rather nicely as the ghostly moderator of a tired world, leading his main character Oedipa Maas on a quest for meaning while blindly groping for clues about a conspiratorial mail system known only as the Trystero. Oedipa's quest echos the quest of everyone; she wishes for an identity that makes some sense within the framework of her world. Thomas Pynchon, by erasing himself from the public sphere, is questing for identity in his own right through his writings, letting Mrs. Maas do the searching for him. Little is known about Pynchon's life, and no one who knows him seems to be willing to add to the miniscule pile of information currently available about him. His most recent published photograph dates back to 1953. Beginning at the beginning, he was born on May 8, 1937 in Glen Cove, New York. He attended Cornell University and received a degree in English in 1959. He worked at Boeing Company in Seattle as a technical writer until his first novel V. appeared in 1963 (Gray 70). From that point onward, Pynchon vanished from the public eye. Information about any part of Pynchon's life after V. The Identity of Thomas Pynchon :: Biography Biographies Essays The Identity of Thomas Pynchon The identity of Thomas Pynchon is as elusive as the sticky, complex webs of meaning woven into his prose. As America's most "famous" hidden author, Pynchon produces works which simultaneously deal with issues of disappearance and meaning, of identity and nothingness in a fashion that befuddles some and delights others. He speaks to the world from his invisible pulpit, hiding behind a curtain of anonymity that safely disguises his personality from the prying eyes of critics and fans alike. Without a public author presence, readers are forced to derive the identity of the author instead from the author's actual works. When searching for the identity of Pynchon, and indeed the notion of identity itself, the novels of Thomas Pynchon offer an interesting starting point. Questions of identity and meaning are shrouded beneath a veil of conspiracy in The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon's second novel and his shortest. Throughout the novel there are snatches of hidden agendas and mysterious plans; it is a world run by Pierce Inverarity, a character who is dead when the novel opens yet remains an active presence throughout the work. This seems to fit Pynchon's situation rather nicely as the ghostly moderator of a tired world, leading his main character Oedipa Maas on a quest for meaning while blindly groping for clues about a conspiratorial mail system known only as the Trystero. Oedipa's quest echos the quest of everyone; she wishes for an identity that makes some sense within the framework of her world. Thomas Pynchon, by erasing himself from the public sphere, is questing for identity in his own right through his writings, letting Mrs. Maas do the searching for him. Little is known about Pynchon's life, and no one who knows him seems to be willing to add to the miniscule pile of information currently available about him. His most recent published photograph dates back to 1953. Beginning at the beginning, he was born on May 8, 1937 in Glen Cove, New York. He attended Cornell University and received a degree in English in 1959. He worked at Boeing Company in Seattle as a technical writer until his first novel V. appeared in 1963 (Gray 70). From that point onward, Pynchon vanished from the public eye. Information about any part of Pynchon's life after V.

Examples About Different Aspects of Development Can Affect One Another Essay

Below are some examples of how different aspects of development can affect one another: 1. Sebastian is 6 years old and has just moved from Italy and has very poor English. He’s moved to a school where there are only children in the class with good level of English. Sebastian may be scared, confused and anxious about moving to another country with a different language. There will be a language barrier between the other children, the teachers and Sebastian. He may be quiet, subdued and moody and it could affect him in playing and understanding the teacher. Other children may bully him, as he is different from them in language. Language barrier (through a foreign language as their first one) may stop other children from playing or talking to Sebastian. That can lead to lower self esteem and make him feel as an outsider, which may affect his social and behavioural development. 2. Victor is 3,5 years old and he has a newborn baby brother in the family. Before that Victor had full parent’s attention and he doesn’t know how to share feelings and toys. Victor’s mum spends more time with the newborn, so Victor doesn’t understand why he needs to share his mum’s attention with his new brother. As result of that Victor feels let down, angry and isolated which can lead to problems in his emotional, social and behavioural development. This can affect his interaction with other children in the nursery. He will also find it hard to form friendships. The other children may try to avoid Victor because he is unable to share. This may affect Victor’s emotional and social development, as he feels lonely and neglected and even abandoned. 3. Michael is a 13 years old boy who attends secondary school, but he is less developed in reading. When it comes to children having reading time at school, he may feel uncomfortable and unable to form friendships due to  embarrassment and low self-esteem. This will then affect his language and social development. This can cause Michael to feel lonely and angry with himself because he is not at the other children’s level of learning. 4. Brian is 17 years old boy and he has not developed his gross motor skills because of a disability. This can affect his physical, social and intellectual development. He suffers socially as he may not be able to join in activities or sports like other children for example football. He may lack confidence and may not have as many friends. His self-esteem may be low as well. But on the other hand he may spend more time learning and that will positively affect his intellectual development.

Hiring Trends Show Older Workers in Demand

Hiring Trends Show Older Workers in Demand According to U.S. News and World Report, 70 percent of human resource experts believe older workers have a strong work ethic. Based on the number of adults over the age of 50 who are part of the workforce, this assessment seems accurate. For older Americans seeking employment, the need many companies have for their skills and experience makes finding a job easier. How Have Workforce Age Dynamics Changed?Companies are hiring more workers age 50 and older, and this trend is growing. Even before the Great Recession, mature workers age 65 and older were working than in the past. However, with fluctuations in the economy came a decrease in pension plans and other forms of worker security. This evolution opened the floodgates to older workers since it helped to level hiring practices. The number of older workers increased, and replacing them with workers who have the same level of skill and experience is difficult. A shortage of qualified workers is continuing to grow, and estimates indica te this will continue in the years ahead.Why Older Works Are SoughtAccording to the Society for Human Resource Management, workers over 50 show greater job engagement than younger workers. This is a key ingredient in a company’s growth. Other factors favoring older workers are their experience and skill subset, according to 77 percent of employers questioned. Assembly line workers between the ages of 50 and 65 have increased productivity due to a decrease in errors. Seventy-one percent of employers also said that older workers exhibit greater professionalism, a trait that is highly valued. An AARP study, done in 2015, showed that older workers have lower turnover rates and that company cost to train new workers is decreased.Baby Boomers Are Part of the WorkforceSome older workers are unable to retire due to economic considerations, while some have grown children to support. In addition, some want to stay engaged and feel working is a means to that end. This need has resulted in many workers seeking employment. Getting a job with the growing number of companies who seek older employees means setting up a plan to accomplish that. Since older Americans are computer literate, according to the Pew Research Center, the search for full-time or part-time jobs for seniors is done online. Searching job sites can be time consuming, and developing a job search strategy is important.TheJobNetwork Can HelpOlder workers who wish to search job sites online might be interested in TheJobNetwork’s platform. By setting up a profile listing skills, experience and job preferences, searching is consolidated and takes less time. This job search site lets you look for jobs in your field, and jobs are constantly updated, ensuring that a listed opportunities are available and new jobs are posted on a 24-hour basis. In addition, you can post your resume, listing your education, training and skills, and the platform will search for jobs as they become available that match yo ur qualifications.Matches are ranked according to how closely they match what you want.Searching TheJobNetwork may help the older worker find the type of job he or she is looking for online. Using this platform may help you bring your skills and experience to a company that would benefit from your presence.

Banning Books Essays - Fiction, Literature, American Literature

Banning Books Essays - Fiction, Literature, American Literature Banning Books Banning Books Our freedom is under attack! Censorship is clearly an attack on our freedom. There are a number of books that are banned or challenged that are great books, such as The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck or The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. These books are classics. Banning these books robs students of great literature. Censorship of books in secondary schools should not be allowed. The list of books that have been banned completely in many schools across the nation is expansive, and so are the reasons that parents and schoolboards give for banning these books. Advocates of literary censorship say that it's best for the students. Opponents say that it is detrimental to the educational system. The students have mixed emotions. Literary censorship at the secondary school level is indeed very widespread. One of the most controversial books is Huckleberry Finn, which is currently under fire by the Pennsylvania Chapter of the NAACP because it contains the word nigger 39 times in the first 35 pages. They feel that the liberal use of such a derogatory word is detrimental to the self-esteem of young African-American children. The NAACP says that they want the book removed from required-reading lists, but they are not out to censor it (Campbell, par. 4). Large groups such as the NAACP are not the only people pushing for Huckleberry Finn's banning in America's schools. Small groups of parents have protested the book's status as required reading in their children's schools because of its language. Huckleberry Finn isn't the only book targeted by parents. Another frequently challenged book is Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. This book was handed out at an Irvine, California, middle school in 1992 with profane words such as damn and hell blocked out. Students wrote to Bradbury describing the situation and pointing out the irony that a book about the evils of censorship had to be censored before they could read it. The books were soon replaced with uncensored ones (Campbell, par. 27). The Catcher in the Rye was challenged in several school districts nationwide because of the liberal use of slang and obscene words that author J.D. Sallinger used to make the book more realistic. Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird has been banned in several secondary schools for containing racist slurs. Some readers felt that the book portrayed Negroes as barbarians and criminals. The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare was banned in a secondary school in Midland, Michigan, because a small group of parents felt that the character Shylock projected a negative image of Jews. Another Shakespeare classic, Twelfth Night, was banned in Merrimak, NH schools in 1996 after a prohibition of alternative lifestyle instruction act was passed by the school board. Other Shakespearean works have been challenged in various schools in America because parents and administrators felt that some characters project a homosexual image (Banned, par.7). Every person who is involved in debate over literary censorship believes that he or she is doing the right thing for the students. The advocates of literary censorship believe that exposing children to such material as Huckleberry Finn in high school will contaminate their minds with racist garbage at a time in their lives when they are searching for things to believe in. Opponents see the banning of Huckleberry Finn in many schools a form of censorship that will teach children that speaking their minds is not a good thing to do (Campbell, par. 8). However, the debate over literary censorship in schools is not a debate over whether or not literature should be censored at all. Most parents, teachers, and administrators would agree that censorship is necessary to maintain a good environment for learning. The debate is over whether or not to draw the line at Huckleberry Finn. If the book was good twenty years ago, then why all of a sudden is it not good for students to read anymore? Peo ple read the book before and they are doing just fine. If the book can stand the test of time, then it must have some value to it. Even people who consider themselves the most avid opponents of literary censorship in schools would agree that pornography

5 Things You Should Never Put on Your Resume

5 Things You Should Never Put on Your Resume We all know how crucial a resume can be. It’s the document that gets you past the computer, through the door, into the interview. And you can’t get the job without getting through those stages. You’ve added in all the things you’ve been told are resume must-haves, but have you considered there might be a few things you should take out of your resume? Here are 5Â  things that you should delete from your resume as soon as possible. 1. ObjectiveThe Objective statement has gone the way of the dodo. To avoid being hopelessly retro, take it out. Your Objective statement probably just says that you’re looking for a challenging position in a great and growing company anyway, right? That tells the recruiter nothing whatsoever, and it undoubtedly also bores them. A Summary statement is much more effective. If you don’t have one, sub one in for your Objective. Either way, delete the Objective part.2. Laundry listDo you have a section where you merely l ist all of your skills and the key- or buzzwords you were told were must-haves for computer screening? The trouble with these sections is that a) they are usually unreadable by the very computer programs they’re aimed toward enticing, and b) this is a very transparent ploy. Throwing a bunch of keywords at a recruiter won’t convince them. Thread those keywords through the body of your resume text instead.3. Page 2Except in very specific contexts in very specific careers, a second page is never a good idea. You can probably expect that no one else but you will ever bother reading your second page. Better to edit your brains out, pack the first page full of your greatest hits and most impressive skills and work experience, and save the tree.4. Fancy formattingAgain, unreadable to most employers–especially if you’re uploading to a computer system. Anything that isn’t plain text will be scrapped. That includes text boxes, tables, bulleted lists, swanky fonts, page borders, etc. Save the creativity for the wording of your cover letter, or the interview process. Keep your resume clean, standard, and simple.5. HobbiesIt used to be in vogue to include a section on personal interests and hobbies. Unless you can make a case that these have some impact on your qualifications or work performance, skip this section- usually it ends up on page 2 anyway! Save your personal flourishes for the interview, when such things can really liven the conversation and help you shine.

Great Hyperinflations in World History Term Paper

Great Hyperinflations in World History - Term Paper Example Center of discussion in this paper is hyperinflation as a rate of inflation per month that exceeds 50 percent. Episodes of hyperinflations are rare and they do not take â€Å"when money has been commodity-based or when paper money has been convertible into a commodity†. There have been 30 hyperinflations in history. The 30th hyperinflation was supposedly in 2008 in Zimbabwe. The first hyperinflation happened during the French revolution of 1789-96. For Hanke, the most well-known hyperinflation of the 20th century was â€Å"the great German hyperinflation of the 1920s, when the monthly inflation rate peaked approximately 30,000% in October 1923.† Meanwhile, Hanke reported that â€Å"the two most virulent hyperinflations recorded---Hungary (1945-46) and Yugoslavia (1992-924) ---curiously remain little known.† Hanke hypothesized that little is known about the two inflations probably because â€Å"the peak monthly inflation rates were so high as to be incomprehensib le.† According to Hanke, the highest one-day inflation ever recorded was in Hungary in July 10, 1946 when it was 348.46%. Under the Slobodan rule of Milosevic, Yugoslavia recorded the second highest monthly inflation at 313 million percent in January 1994.The hyperinflation which has the reputation of producing the month with the highest inflation was in Hungary in July 1946 but Hanke did not provide the inflation data. In 1988, Morales (1988) reported that the Bolivian hyperinflation of 1984-86 was the only case hyperinflation not associated with a world or civil war. ... Great Inflation of History I. Introduction According to Hanke (2008a, p. 2), hyperinflation is â€Å"defined as a rate of inflation per month that exceeds 50 percent.† Episodes of hyperinflations are rare and they do not take â€Å"when money has been commodity-based or when paper money has been convertible into a commodity† (Hanke, 2008b).There have been 30 hyperinflations in history (Hanke, 2008a). The 30th hyperinflation was supposedly in 2008 in Zimbabwe. The first hyperinflation happened during the French revolution of 1789-96 (Hanke, 2008b). For Hanke (2008b, p. 187), the most well-known hyperinflation of the 20th century was â€Å"the great German hyperinflation of the 1920s, when the monthly inflation rate peaked approximately 30,000% in October 1923.† Meanwhile, Hanke (2008b, p. 186) reported that â€Å"the two most virulent hyperinflations recorded---Hungary (1945-46) and Yugoslavia (1992-924) ---curiously remain little known.† Hanke (2008b, p. 1 86) hypothesized that little is known about the two inflations probably because â€Å"the peak monthly inflation rates were so high as to be incomprehensible.† According to Hanke (2008b), the highest one-day inflation ever recorded was in Hungary in July 10, 1946 when it was 348.46%. Under the Slobodan rule of Milosevic, Yugoslavia recorded the second highest monthly inflation at 313 million percent in January 1994 (Hanke, 2008b).The hyperinflation which has the reputation of producing the month with the highest inflation was in Hungary in July 1946 but Hanke (2008b) did not provide the inflation data. In 1988, Morales (1988) reported that the Bolivian hyperinflation of 1984-86 was the only case hyperinflation not associated with a world or civil war. However,

International Business Strategy term paper Essay

International Business Strategy term paper - Essay Example Nokia and Apple are major smartphone multinationals based in the Finland and the United States respectively with operations in other parts of the world including Asia, Europe and Africa. However, when Apple and Nokia introduced their smartphone products into the United Kingdom, the response was varied and this contributed to the success and failure of the products. While Apple smartphone received a positive review and was widely accepted by the customers in the UK, Nokia smartphone received a negative review and this affected the sales of the products in the UK. Nokia was forced into the drawing board to determine the causes of the failure and evaluate its strategies to enable it reintroduce the product again. In this paper, a comparison of the tow multinationals will be done to determine the factors that contributed to the success and failure of the two multinationals in the sale of their smartphone devices in the United Kingdom (Stevenson, 2012). Nokia, being a Finish based multinationals has had significant impacts in the mobile telephony industry especially in Europe with previous studies indicating its dominance in the overall mobile market. However, the introduction of smartphones by Apple and Samsung pushed the company into venturing into the market in an attempt to protect its hold on European markets. However, the response that the company received from the market did not favour the continued production of the smartphones and this led to the failure of the initiative. A number of factors contributed to the failure of Nokia in the United Kingdom, a market that was predominantly controlled by the multinational before apple introduced its smartphones (Donnelly, 2008). In 2007, Nokia introduced its first iPhone into the European market in a response to the emerging mobile telephony in the region and in other markets

Review of the journal article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review of the journal article - Essay Example The main key points are highlighted in the summary segment. Then the essay is evaluated in details in the critique segment. Finally in conclusion segment; important points of entire report have been summarized. Many MNCs of the developed companies have many advantages like brand-value, sophisticated technologies, innovation of products and services and efficient management systems. They also have vast pool of talent and finance. Emerging companies also have many advantages over well-known MNCs. If these advantages are applied efficiently then it can prove fruitful for emerging companies. Example is India’s Tata Group have created a plan and implemented it to develop talent and raise capital. Emerging companies have the advantage to exploit on the knowledge of local product markets. They can capitalize on the advantage at home by adapting on the knowledge of the customers. To grow across the borders, emerging giants exploited the similarities on the countries that are geographically nearer. Local companies have the advantage to realize the customers’ needs and taste. Emerging markets have the advantage to capitalize on local capital markets and local talents. Therefore this can help in a cost effective manner to serve customers in local and abroad. Major example is Indian IT companies such as Wipro, Tata consultancy services, Infosys and Satyam. Institutional void should be treated as a business opportunity as it helps to enhance the credibility of the claims that are made by the sellers and facilitate the flow of information. It also enables to facilitate transaction by creating forum or by distributing goods and services. But MNCs has an edge on intermediaries business. Despite facing bureaucratic and financial issue in the local markets companies used strategies to be successful in global market. Some of the companies exploited their advantage of knowing local talents and capital markets. Some of the companies capitalized on the advantage of

Commemorative speech on Princess Diana or Presentation

Commemorative on Princess Diana - Speech or Presentation Example The outrageous, unusual and fascinating life styles of princesses have always been under limelight. But it’s not at all easy to spend a life of legend. One such example is Princess Diana. She was a kind hearted, devoted and loving woman. As I overview her life, I realize the importance of her role as a magnificent Princess and an icon. She was a perfect mother of Prince William and Prince Harry and a devoted Princess of Whales. As I go through the kaleidoscope of her life, the most prominent feature of her personality which enhances our emotional attachment with her is the heighted sense of serving. Although the kind lady had an iconic presence on the world’s stage still she never ignored her routine of visiting schools, nurseries, hospitals and other public places. She soon became the lovely lady of her people who was involved in charity work. The charismatic and donated lady’s efforts for land mining were appreciated worldwide. Her role for the AIDS sufferers w as highly admired by the public. It was her biggest achievement. She succeeded in realizing people that contact with the patients was risk-free by shaking hand with them. Whenever you need a compassionate buddy, she was there to help and console. She said: â€Å"Nothing brings me more happiness than trying to help the most vulnerable people in society. It is a goal and an essential part of my life - a kind of destiny.

Evolution and its understanding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Evolution and its understanding - Essay Example While the existing models of evolution may not be able to account for every single question that a person may have regarding the origin of mankind and other forms of life on earth, it is definitely the most plausible explanation that can be offered at this point in history. The fact that it exists in contradiction to many of the central tenets of many religions must not hinder one from seeing the scientific nature of the theories of evolution. The beneficial nature of such a rational approach as far as the understanding of society is concerned is something that needs to be looked at and analyzed with great care and rigor.Believing in evolution necessarily may not lead one to believe evolution. By believing evolution, one would be asserting one’s belief in the scientific theories of evolution that is often considered to be a part of the heading of evolution. These would then mark out that person as a supporter of scientific rationality and the idea that the beginning of life wa s in unicellular organisms that then evolved into larger organism that then differentiated into more and more complex organisms. To believe in evolution would refer to a belief in a system of change that characterized the progress of mankind to its present position. This could then have been aided by any other force other than nature. It could be a supernatural force that may have enabled a particular form of progress and made possible a particular trajectory as far as the development of mankind is concerned.

Commemorative speech on Princess Diana or Presentation

Commemorative on Princess Diana - Speech or Presentation Example The outrageous, unusual and fascinating life styles of princesses have always been under limelight. But it’s not at all easy to spend a life of legend. One such example is Princess Diana. She was a kind hearted, devoted and loving woman. As I overview her life, I realize the importance of her role as a magnificent Princess and an icon. She was a perfect mother of Prince William and Prince Harry and a devoted Princess of Whales. As I go through the kaleidoscope of her life, the most prominent feature of her personality which enhances our emotional attachment with her is the heighted sense of serving. Although the kind lady had an iconic presence on the world’s stage still she never ignored her routine of visiting schools, nurseries, hospitals and other public places. She soon became the lovely lady of her people who was involved in charity work. The charismatic and donated lady’s efforts for land mining were appreciated worldwide. Her role for the AIDS sufferers w as highly admired by the public. It was her biggest achievement. She succeeded in realizing people that contact with the patients was risk-free by shaking hand with them. Whenever you need a compassionate buddy, she was there to help and console. She said: â€Å"Nothing brings me more happiness than trying to help the most vulnerable people in society. It is a goal and an essential part of my life - a kind of destiny.

Communicable Disease Medical Definition Assignment - 73

Communicable Disease Medical Definition - Assignment Example It spreads from person to person when a mosquito feeds on human blood (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). According to Stanhope and Lancaster, Malaria affects the liver and Erythrocytes, and it is characterized by high fever and other symptoms resembling those of flu. It mostly affects pregnant mothers and children under the age of five (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). It is one of the key contributors to infant mortality, especially in African countries, where it is responsible for over a million deaths annually. This disease was earlier considered as a tropical disease, but with the advent of global travel, the disease can affect anybody and anywhere as long as they have been to a Malaria prone region (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Malaria infections in the United States occur to those people who have traveled to areas that are prone to the insect carrying the parasite. The government’s efforts in curbing malaria include medical screening at all points of entry, into the country, to e nsure that those who are infected get immediate treatment regimen to prevent further spread of the infection. It has embarked on public sensitization programs to deal with pest control and how to identify the first signs of Malaria. The use of mosquito nets, repellents, and protective clothing has also been encouraged in a number of counties where there are high mosquito populations like Louisiana and Florida. The challenges that are encountered in the prevention and treatment of Malaria are usually people related. The belief that Malaria is a tropical disease makes people and even some doctors misdiagnose the disease as a bad form of flu since most of its symptoms are flu-like. The government is also making efforts to develop a vaccine that can be given to people traveling out of the country. Â  

Catherines developing relationship Essay Example for Free

Catherines developing relationship Essay On one level Marco just lifts a chair and issues a challenge, but on another level Marco is challenging Eddies  masculinity, and also revealing his deeper frustrations with Eddie. On yet another level, the chair could be considered symbolic of the deadly weapon used to kill Eddie and the tragedy to come.  The facial expressions of characters are equally important, especially at the end of act one, as non-verbal communication becomes very important. The glare of warning that transforms into a smile of triumph unsettles the audience and shifts Marco into a whole new position in both the eyes of the audience, and Eddie. The tension is high and the audience is left poised, and waiting for the next act. The element of impending tragedy has not gone unnoticed by the audience who are left in suspense. Eddies decision to phone the Immigration Bureau reveals a lot about him. The phone booth glowing draws the attention of the audience and plays on the idea of the tragic hero always making the wrong decisions and succumbing to his fatal flaw. It shows that Eddie has become desperate and isolated, and the audience can pick up on his state of mind from the symbolism Miller has incorporated into the play. This symbolism is brought to our attention chiefly by phone booth at the middle of Act 2, and the booth reveals several messages about Eddies inevitable fatal flaw. The blue colour that is said to emanate from the phone booth in the stage- directions could be used to represent Eddies state of isolation, sad confusion, and the distance, which Eddie has placed between himself and the community. The lonely stand of the phone booth could also symbolize Eddies loneliness. The story of Vinny Bolzano that Eddie tells at the very beginning emphasizes just how important the Italians feel that justice is. It also shows how far Eddie has fallen in terms of his moral ideas that we learn of in the beginning. When he first tells the story he tells it with disgust. However, he then ends up on the outside of the community like the boy in the story, highlighting how his unnatural acts lead to his own isolation and reveal how far he has dropped since he held his own standards.  The reference to Vinny Bolzano also creates turmoil in the minds of the audience as it raises several key questions about how the community will react when Eddies flaw is revealed to them, and whether or not he will be pushed out of the community and turned on by his family. Later on, when Alfieri says History repeats itself, this is another explicit reference to the story of Vinny Bolzano. There is a profound irony to this as Eddie repeats the same actions he has snubbed to Catherine.  Another key event in the play is the kiss that Eddie gives Catherine and then Rodolpho. This is possibly the most revealing event in terms of Eddies persona and motivation. It can be viewed on several levels; firstly that Eddie is so desperate, that he is clutching at anything, which might delay Catherine, and stop her leaving. He is so frightened that his chance with Catherine will vanish forever, that he tries to reveal to her how he feels before its too late, but due to his confused and desperate state of mind, this emerges as a totally improper action. He then tries to cover up his mistake through the hazy smoke of his drunken mind, by kissing Rodolpho. We as the audience could presume that Eddie is trying to give the message that he is just friendly, and kisses everyone. Eddie cannot however, quite pull this facade off, as this is not the sort of action in keeping with what we know of him and isnt really feasible. Secondly, it could be jealousy that motivates Eddie into doing outrageous and terrible things, perhaps because he was jealous of Rodolfo and Catherines developing relationship. This is also hinted at in the interview between Eddie and Alfieri, when Eddie says, but hes (Rodolpho) stealing from me. As I mentioned before, Eddie sees Catherine as his possession.  Thirdly, the kiss could be interpreted by the audience, as revealing Eddies own homosexual tendencies, and lead us to consider that Eddie only kissed Catherine to cover up his desire for Rodolpho. This however, is doubtful when we look at Eddies strong homophobia and fear of anyone defying convention. Finally, because Eddie thinks that Rodolfo is gay, he might have then kissed Rodolpho as an afterthought, in a half-hearted attempt to make Catherine realise that Rodolpho is gay.  In summary, we can say that the kiss reveals Eddies deep jealousy toward Rodolpho, because Eddie knows he cannot have Catherine. The kiss is a last desperate attempt to snatch Catherine from Rodolpho, but this futile attempt does not succeed, it just drives Catherine further away from him.  The ending of the play confirms Eddies position as a tragic hero in several ways. Characters like Lipari, his wife, Louis and Mike, are the stage representatives of the wider community, and one by one leave Eddie, symbolizing the tragic heros isolation. In the very end we see that as the traditional tragic hero, Eddie remains or at least seems to remain, oblivious of his harmatia even to his death. His cry of My B! could show some acknowledgement of his fault, and realization that he was wrong.  However, his penultimate words of, then why? leads the audience to conclude that Eddie must still remain deluded and that he hasnt realized his flaw at all. If at this point, and after all that has happened, Eddie still has to ask why he is suffering and carry on behaving as if he has been wronged, he is still clearly in denial about his own unnatural desires and bad judgements.  From his final comment the audience have no choice but to conclude that Eddie still refused to acknowledge that he is part of the problem to the very end and maintained that he was the victim.

Analysing Public Art and Geography

Analysing Public Art and Geography How can public art challenge the gendered nature of space? The world is getting more and more visual, and increasingly meanings are communicated through visuals (Rose, 2001). It is the aim of this research proposal to outline the final year project that is going to focus on interdisciplinary themes of space, art and gender. It will demonstrate how human geography engages with visual art, and how the research linking the two has expanded over the past few decades. It will show the issues that one may be presented with when researching art. An explanation will be given of how gender and body are viewed in geography. Geography and visual art Geography is recognised as a very visual discipline (Driver, 2003; Tolia-Kelly, 2012), that extensively engages with our vision (Roberts, 2012), and geographers have long been using various types of visual imagery and objects in their work (Garrett, 2011; Rose, 2003). Over the past decades, namely since the cultural turn, there has been greater interest in potential links between visual arts and geography (Rose, 2001). During this time the field of research has expanded from looking at landscape paintings from earlier centuries, to analysing broader spectrum of artistic mediums, both digital and analogue (Hawkins, 2012). It is understood that everyday images and objects that we see are not meaningless and static things, but are imbued with meanings that affect our behaviour and interaction with the world (Hall, 1997). Art in public space The term ‘art’ itself is an extremely broad concept, and there are many sub-disciplines in art that can be used to narrow down the research. This particular research is going to be focused on art in urban space. Nowadays many urban spaces are rich with artworks which are done in various mediums, and by utilising various methods. Arguably the traditional form of art in public space is public art. Public art commonly is defined as â€Å"either permanent or temporary artworks, including social and contextual art practices which are commissioned for openly accessible locations, that is, outside conventional settings such as museums and galleries (Zebracki, 2013:303).† An artwork may have an intended meaning, a set of ideas or ideals that its author wants the world to receive, and a meaning that is created by the audience upon its consumption (Baldwin et al., 1999). What makes it hard to predict how public art will be consumed, are the diverse publics or audiences that encounter it. A piece of art may be aimed at general public, but when different social groups read it , the diversity of meanings that it actually produces have to be taken into account. Therefore, in this sense the study of public art becomes a study of â€Å"the reception of art by [its] publics (Miles, 1997:85).† Geography, body and gender Geographers see body as a space. Many quote Rich when he talks about the body as â€Å"the geography closest in (1986:212).† It is the border between the inner world and the outer world. It is a space that is sexed and gendered, where sex is a biological product and gender a social one (Valentine, 2001). However, more recent academic work blurs the lines between the two, arguing that there is evidence of cases where bodies do not abide by the traditional views of sex and gender (Cream, 1995), and that both should be considered as social (Valentine, 2001). In social research gender is understood as â€Å"social, psychological or cultural differences between men and women (Knox and Pinch, 2010:235).† Historically geographers have viewed differences in gender roles as socially constructed (Castree et al., 2013). Therefore, characteristics that constitute what it means to be masculine or feminine are subject to change in space, place and time. More recently academics such as Judith Butler (1990) have challenged this view, and suggest that gender is a performance, rather than what one is. She argues that gender is performed through ritualistic repetition. From this viewpoint, which some call as post‑structuralist (Jagger, 2008), gender is â€Å"sustained through acts, gestures, mannerisms, fashion, and lifestyle (Castree et al., 2013:172).† Identities, roles and spatial relations between males and females in geography have often been analysed utilising feminist viewpoint. Predominant argument of feminist philosophy is that women in many areas of life are still unfairly treated as being in a subordinate position to men, and that the Western society remains largely patriarchal (Knox and Pinch, 2010). New Genre Public Art, Body and Gender Massey (1994) describes how large public spaces are reserved for males, and how often artworks depicting bodies of women are produced by men contributing to the male gaze, which extends outside the walls of galleries and museums (Miles, 1997). This prevalent masculine worldview is challenged by activism that is empowered by forms of new genre public art (Lacy, 1995). If we are to consider the relationship between public art and gender, the historical divorce that has existed between body and city, where most public artworks are found, should be kept in mind. Undesirable body processes are expelled from the city, and the civilised body is expected to contain them (Miles, 1997). This idea comes from the Cartesian view that body should be subject to mind (Longhurst, 1997). In Western culture body has become associated with negative traits, emotions and femininity, and mind with rationality, knowledge and masculinity (Valentine, 2001). Furthermore, it is somehow seen that men transcend the body, for whom it is merely a container of their mind, and that women are more affected by their â€Å"fleshy† (Longhurst, 1997:491) instincts and therefore their bodies. Moreover, this view has had an influence on social sciences. Rose (1993) argues that white males tend to other difference, and that this has shaped how geography has been studied over the years. It was only in the latter part of the 20th century that academics started to critically look at how mind has been given privilege over the body in geography (Longhurst, 1997), and it was recognised that in fact everyone is affected by their embodiment (Rose, 1997). Body is the tool through which masculinity or femininity is acted out (Puwar, 2004). As performativity suggests, these materialise through the act of doing. It is therefore the aim of this research to analyse how public art captures these performances, and how it communicates and constructs gender in the eyes of its publics. Case study Butler’s work is often linked with gender and performativity, but it is rarely used when public art is studied. This research will try to expand the body of work on new genre public art considering gender politics. It will take into the account the latest research on gender and performativity, and will analyse how perceived gender roles are read through performances and acts that are captured in public artworks. Greater Manchester has been chosen as the site for the research, with public artworks that range from sculptures depicting historic figures from Britain’s imperial past, such as, Queen Victoria, to contemporary street art that seeks to challenge the status quo, such as found in Northern Quarter. Conclusion This research proposal outlined the final year project that will analyse public art and gender by looking at performances that are captured in artworks. It demonstrated how body and gender are understood in geography. It showed how body is an agent through which gender is acted out, and how body as an artistic subject captures these performances. Art has been an important part of geographical work and research in the past, and as the visual imagery and objects become more important in the modern society, more and more meanings are conveyed through visuals. This research will explore what meanings public art conveys about gender roles, and how these meanings are read by artworks’ publics. The main aim of this research is: to analyse the way public art can challenge the gendered nature of space. The objectives to achieve this are: to explore the way that Tankpetrol aims to disrupt traditional genderings of public space; to analyse the meanings encoded in the artwork of Tankpetrol; to analyse the consumption of Tankpetrol’s artwork and how it impacts on people’s ideas of gendering public space. References Baldwin, E., Longhurst, B., McCracken, S., Ogborn, M. and Smith, G. (1999) Introducing Cultural Studies. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London: Routledge. Castree, N., Kitchin, R. and Rogers, A. (Eds.). (2013). A Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cream, J. (1995) ‘Re-solving riddles: the sexed body.’ In Bell, D. and Valentine, G. (eds.) Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities. London: Routledge, Driver, F. (2003) ‘On Geography as a Visual Discipline.’ Antipode, 35(2) pp. 227–231. Garrett, B. L. (2011) ‘Videographic geographies: Using digital video for geographic research.’ Progress in Human Geography, 35(4) pp. 521–541. Hall, S. (1997) ‘Introduction.’ In Hall, S. (ed.) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE, pp. 1–12. Hawkins, H. (2012) ‘Geography and art. An expanding field: Site, the body and practice.’ Progress in Human Geography, 37(1) pp. 52–71. Jagger, G. (2008) Judith Butler: Sexual Politics, Social Change and the Power of the Performative. London: Routledge. Knox, P. and Pinch, S. (2010) Urban Social Geography: An Introduction. 6th ed., London: Pearson. Longhurst, R. (1997) ‘(Dis)embodied geographies.’ Progress in Human Geography, 21(4) pp. 486–501. Miles, M. (1997) Art, Space and the City: Public Art and Urban Futures. London: Routledge. Puwar, N. (2004) Space Invaders: Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place. Oxford: Berg. Rich, A. (1986) The Politics of Location, in Blood, Bread and Poetry: Selected Prose 1979–1985. London: Norton Co. Roberts, E. (2012) ‘Geography and the visual image: A hauntological approach.’ Progress in Human Geography, 37(3) pp. 386–402. Rose, G. (1993) Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge. Cambridge: Polity Press. Rose, G. (1997) ‘Situating Knowledges: positionality, reflexivities and other tactics.’ Progress in Human Geography, 21(3) pp. 305–320. Rose, G. (2001) Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching With Visual Materials. London: SAGE. Rose, G. (2003) ‘On the Need to Ask How, Exactly, Is Geography â€Å"Visual†?’ Antipode, 35(2) pp. 212–221. Tolia-Kelly, D. P. (2012) ‘The Geographies of Cultural Geography II: Visual Culture.’ Progress in Human Geography, 36(1) pp. 135–142. Valentine, G. (2001) Social Geographies: Space and Society. London: Pearson. Zebracki, M. (2013) ‘Beyond public artopia: public art as perceived by its publics.’ GeoJournal, 78(2) pp. 303–317. LINARDS DAVIDANS

The Irresponsibility of Firestone :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Irresponsibility of Firestone â€Å"It was extremely difficult to control the truck at the time, and I had both my wife (two months pregnant) and my 16-month-old daughter screaming and crying in a panic...My wife has developed a fear of the only vehicle we have, understandably so. She fears other tires may also be defective and that we may be in danger† (Nathan). Much like the 4,300 similar complaints the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has received, this Firestone tire consumer warned the agency of the faulty product and asked it to take action. Imagine a similar problem happening to you. While leisurely traveling down the highway, your SUV is suddenly thrown to the pavement. The tire tread on your left rear tire separates from the steel belt, and your vehicle can not overcome its speed of 65-mph, and crashes uncontrollably. The SUV rolls over, killing your family. Even though you complain, the NHTSA does nothing about the problem, and you hear about other similar accidents. On August 9, 2000, Bridgestone/Firestone, an international tire manufacturer, issued a recall of all its ATX, ATX II, and Wilderness AT tires. To date, the company has replaced 6.5 million tires (â€Å"Firestone death...†). Ford had contracted with Firestone to supply tires for all the SUV’s it produced. Together Firestone and Ford investigated the problems with the recalled tires. Despite much bickering between the two companies, the tires failed due to flaws in Firestone’s manufacturing and production. The NHTSA has reported a total of 148 deaths and 525 injuries involving tread separations, blowouts, and other problems with Firestone tires. The Middle East has reported at least seven deaths and Venezuela has reported forty-six due to the same kind of problem (â€Å"Firestone death...†). From both foreign countries and the United States, complaints state that the tires lose their casings when traveling at high speeds. The tire maker claimed it knew nothing of the tread problems until late July, yet consumers have warned the company since the mid 1990’s (Nathan). It also stated that the complaints it finally received did not raise any â€Å"red flags† because in relative terms, few tires had failed; less than one in every 10,000 of the 47 million ATX, ATX II, and Wilderness AT tires produced since 1991 have failed (Nathan). Most of the recalled tires came from the Decatur, Illinois plant, the main concentration of the investigation. The company claimed that a workers’ strike at that plant in the nineties, when replacement workers made the product, caused most of the problems.

As I Lay Dying :: essays research papers fc

As I Lay Dying William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying is a novel about how the conflicting agendas within a family tear it apart. Every member of the family is to a degree responsible for what goes wrong, but none more than Anse. Anse's laziness and selfishness are the underlying factors to every disaster in the book. As the critic Andre Bleikasten agrees, "there is scarcely a character in Faulkner so loaded with faults and vices" (84). At twenty-two Anse becomes sick from working in the sun after which he refuses to work claiming he will die if he ever breaks a sweat again. Anse becomes lazy, and turns Addie into a baby factory in order to have children to do all the work. Addie is inbittered by this, and is never the same. Anse is begrudging of everything. Even the cost of a doctor for his dying wife seems money better spent on false teeth to him. "I never sent for you" Anse says "I take you to witness I never sent for you" (37) he repeats trying to avoid a doctor's fee. Before she dies Addie requests to be buried in Jefferson. When she does, Anse appears obsessed with burying her there. Even after Addie had been dead over a week, and all of the bridges to Jefferson are washed out, he is still determined to get to Jefferson. Is Anse sincere in wanting to fulfill his promise to Addie, or is he driven by another motive? Anse plays "to perfection the role of the grief-stricken widower" (Bleikasten 84) while secretly thinking only of getting another wife and false teeth in Jefferson. When it becomes necessary to drive the wagon across the river, he proves himself to be undeniably lazy as he makes Cash, Jewel, and Darl drive the wagon across while he walks over the bridge, a spectator. Anse is also stubborn; he could have borrowed a team of mules from Mr. Armstid, but he insists that Addie would not have wanted it that way. In truth though Anse uses this to justify trading Jewel's horse for the mules to spare himself the expense. Numerous times in the book he justifies his actions by an interpretation of Addie's will. Anse not only trades Jewel's horse without asking, but he also steals Cash's money. Later on he lies to his family saying that he spent his savings and Cash's money in the trade. "I thought him and Anse never traded," Armstid said. "Sho," they did "All they liked was the horse" Eustace a farmhand of Mr. Snopes said.

Firda Kahlo Art Critical Analysing

Critical Analysis This is an oil on canvas painting by Friday Kohl called Cropped Hair, made in 1940 at a size of coxcomb. It is a self- portrait of her with a scissor in one hand and her hair creeping everywhere on the floor. As you can see in the painting, the fore ground busy because of the long dark hair that is laid all over the floor. In the middle ground of the portrait, it shows Friday Kohl sitting in a chair, wearing an oversized suit, that by the looks of it isn't hers while holding a serious, upset or pain face.As if she was thinking of the pain that someone had caused her, expressing it thought her minting. The way she is position in the painting is out of proportion, from her neck and below it is different from her neck and upwards, making her looks stiff and uncomfortable. The chair also stands out more than the rest of the portrait along with the hands, face and neck; she had used a bright warm yellow to out-stand the other dark and light, warm and cool colors. The ton ing of the middle ground is also very clear, showing all the shadows that are in the suits and her face.The background of the portrait is different from the rest. She had painted it plain, as well s making it look like they are clouds, bring all the attention to the foreground. The top of the background shows some text and music notes. The used of Friday Kohl's Line, Tone, Color, Shape, Pattern and shapes are very unique. She had used manly warm color in her portrait. A cool blue for the suit, a warm red for the floor, a warm yellow for the chair and a mixture of colors for the wall but mostly yellow.The tone's she used made the chair and herself look AD and the rest AD. The pattern she had used is clearly shown in the wall behind her; it is soft and has a repetition of smudge pots making it looks like clouds. This is very different from the rest of the portrait. The texture of the background, her skin, chair and suit are smooth rather than rough. The way she painted the portrait fl oor, from light transitioning into dark to make it seems spacey and how she placed the horizontal line far back.This make also made the room more spacious and wide as if she is in an empty room and by herself. The focal point of the portrait is of Friday Kohl sitting on the chair and the hair surrounding her. Your eyes would be more attacked to the hair that is on the floor cause it gives Off creepy but also sad look to it, your eyes then moves to her in the oversized suit then to the plain background. This it because of her use of red in the portrait, your eyes are usually more attacked to warm colors.Friday Kohl painted this portrait after she had a divorce with her husband, for cheating on her with her own blood sister. She wanted to express the self- independence and self- confidence that she had gain after the divorce. Showing him and other's that she does not need him anymore. I believe that the oversized suit she is wearing in the portrait is Diego. She did this because her h usband liked her to wear dresses and now that he is gone, she does not need to dress to impress. The scissor that she is holding in her hand, tells me that she had cut off all her hair.This was like a sacrifice to her. Her hair was the one thing her husband loved most about her, by cutting all her hair off. She is trying to show that she had cut all ties that she had ever had with her husband. If Diego had left her, then why goes she need the one thing her loved most about her. Your hair is like your Identity. No hair, no identity ‘look it was because of your hair, owe you are without hair, I don't love you anymore' this is what the text in the portrait says. This was a big sacrifice she was willing to make.The portrait looks very empty with Just her in the middle could maybe explain the feeling she was feeling after the divorce, depress, sad, lonely and empty. In my own opinion I dislike this portrait. It looks creepy and gross, with all the hair loosely laid on the ground an d her proportion isn't correct. This is something I would not want to hang up on a wall. It gives off an unpleasant and uncomfortable feeling, like she is looking at you every second, staring at you with hateful eyes.

Drugs Accident Essay

1.An undercover drug informant learned from a mutual friend that Philip Friedman â€Å"knew where to get marijuana.† The informant asked Friedman three times to get him some marijuana, and Friedman agreed after the third request. Shortly thereafter, Friedman sold the informant a small amount of the drug. The informant later offered to sell Friedman three pounds of marijuana. They negotiated the price and then made the sale. Friedman was tried for trafficking in drugs. He argued entrapment. Was Friedman entrapped? Argument for Friedman: The undercover agent had to ask three times before Friedman sold him a small amount of drugs. A real drug dealer, predisposed to commit the crime, leaps at an opportunity to sell. If the government spends time and money luring innocent people into the commission of crimes, all of us are the losers. Argument for the Government: Government officials suspected Friedman of being a sophisticated drug dealer, and they were right. When he had a chance to buy three pounds, a quantity only a dealer would purchase, he not only did so, but he bargained with skill, showing a working knowledge of the business. Friedman was not entrapped—he was caught. I agree with Friedman not only did the informant ask for drugs, but he asked him constantly after he said no which could have easily influenced Friedman to sell the informant the drugs. 2. Conley owned video poker machines. Although they are outlawed in Pennsylvania, he placed them in bars and clubs. He used profits from the machines to buy more machines. Is he guilty of money laundering? Yes he is guilty of money laundering because he took the proceeds of a criminal act and used the money to promote the crime of his poker machines. 3.Karin made illegal firearm purchases at a gun show. At her trial, she alleged that she had committed this crime because her boyfriend had threatened to harm her and her two daughters if she did not. Her lawyer  asked the judge to instruct the jury that the prosecution had an obligation to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Karin had acted freely. Instead, the judge told the jury that Karin had the burden of proving duress by a preponderance of the evidence. Who is correct? The judge is correct. In this situation Karin is trying to plead not guilty because she was under duress, so she will have to have evidence to prove that she acted under duress 4. An informant bought drugs from Dorian. The police obtained a search warrant to search Dorian’s house. But before they acted on the warrant, they sent the informant back to try again. This time, Dorian said he did not have any drugs. The police then acted on the warrant and searched his house. Did the police have probable cause? Yes because the informant had claimed to bought drugs from Dorian before. 5.Shawn was caught stealing letters from mailboxes. After pleading guilty, he was sentenced to two months in prison and three years supervised release. One of the supervised release conditions required him to stand outside a post office for eight hours wearing a signboard stating, â€Å"I stole mail. This is my punishment.† He appealed this requirement on the grounds that it constituted cruel and unusual punishment. Do you agree? Yes. The punishment will be breaking the eight amendment because of standing outside a post office holding a sign stating I stole mail will not only be degrading, but also an unusual and cruel punishment. 1.At approximately 7:50 p.m, bells at the train station rang and red lights flashed, signaling an express train’s approach. David Harris walked onto the tracks, ignoring a yellow line painted on the platform instructing people to stand back. Two men shouted to Harris, warning him to get off the tracks. The train’s engineer saw him too late to stop the train, which was traveling at approximately 55 mph. The train struck and killed Harris as it  passed through the station. Harris’s widow sued the railroad, arguing that the railroad’s negligence caused her husband’s death. Evaluate her argument. Harris wife really does not have an argument because the railroad did everything in their power to prevent his death. Harris will be at fault for his own death 2. Ryder leased a truck to Florida food service powers, an employee, drove it to make deliveries . He noticed that the strap used to close the rear door was frayed, and he asked Ryder to fix it. Ryder failed to do so in spite of numerous requests. The strap broke, and Powers replaced it with a nylon rope. Later, when Powers was attempting to close the rear door, the nylon rope broke and he fell, sustaining severe injuries to his neck and back. He sued Ryder. The trial court found that Power’s attachment of the replacement rope was a superseding cause, relieving Ryder of any liability, and granted summary judgment for Ryder. Powers appealed. How should the appellate court rule. The decision should be based on the state laws of contributory or comparative negligence because although Powers told Ryder to fix the rope you can make the same argument that by Powers switching ropes also help contributed to his injury. 3. A new truck, manufactured by General Motors Corp. (GMC), stalled in rush hour traffic on a busy interstate highway because of a defective alternator, which caused a complete failure of the truck’s electrical system. The driver stood nearby and waved traffic around his stalled truck. A panel truck approached the GMC truck, and immediately behind the panel truck, Davis was driving a Volkswagen fastback. Because of the panel truck, Davis was unable to see the stalled GMC truck. The panel truck swerved out of the way of the GMC truck, and Davis drove straight into it. The accident killed him. Davis’s widow sued GMC. GMC moved for summary judgment, alleging Gmc could be violators of Negligence Per Se because the brand new automobile should have nothing wrong with it that could threaten the lives of drivers automobiles should be created to protect drivers as much as possible. Gmc is responsible for factual causation and foreseeable harm. By giving the man a defective vehic le I believe any accident which happened on the road or streets can be foreseeable. 4. You be the Judge Writing Problem When Thomas and Susan Tamplin were shopping at Star Lumber with their six-year-old daughter Ann Marie, a 150-pound roll of vinyl  flooring fell on the girl, seriously injuring her head and pituitary gland. Ann was clearly entitled to recover for the physical harm, such as her fractured skull. The plaintiffs also sought recovery for potential future harm. Their medical expert was prepared to testify that although Ann would probably develop normally, he could not rule out the slight possibility that her pituitary injury might prevent her from sexually maturing. Is Ann entitled to damages for future harm? Argument for Ann: This was a major trauma, and it is impossible to know the full extent of the future harm. Sexual maturation is a fundamental part of life; if there is a possibility that Ann will not develop normally, she is entitled to present her case to a jury and receive damages. Argument for Star Lumber: A plaintiff may not recover for specul ative harm. The â€Å"slight possibility† that Ann could fail to develop is not enough for her to take her case to the jury. If I was the judge I would not rule out the possibility that Ann could suffer harm in the future. I would request that Ann obtain documents from doctors that will help prove that the accident that happened could cause future damages. 5. Irving was a lawyer who prepared income tax returns for Maroevich. Irving agreed to draft a will for Maroevich, leaving all of the property to Maroevich’s sister, Biakanja. When Maroevich died, the probate court refused to accept the will because Irving had failed to have the signatures properly witnessed. As a result, Biakanja inherited only one-eighth of the estate. She sued Irving, who defended by saying that he had no duty of due care to Biakanja because all his dealings were with Maroevich and none were with her. Do you agree?

Abortion after the Rape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abortion after the Rape - Essay Example Based on the arguments of typical anti-abortionists, life begins from the moment of conception or when the fetuses resemble a baby or when the fetuses develop the characteristic of genetic code that is essential for humans. They believe in the truth of such an argument. To them, abortion is the same as murder. While looking at the argument exhibited by the pro-choice strategy, they assert that the fetuses are not people or are not social beings. They believe that their case is real, considering abortion as not wrongful killing. Both the pro-choice and anti-abortionists have extreme perspectives on their take relating to abortion. The argument of most anti-abortionists like, â€Å"it looks like a baby† makes us have a standoff. The arguments about abortion, therefore, require some adequate backup to avoid such controversies. It is a distinct moral principle against ending a baby’s life. As the pro-choice argue, abortion serves a moral law. The standoff is separating the arguments; by the pro-choice and the anti-abortion, need to be resolved. In dealing with this delay, the standard approach to showing how the moral principles of one of the component lose plausibility by analysis. The anti-abortionist defends a moral principle on the wrongness of killing that broaden the context including the fetuses under it. The broad policy tends to take too much. As it is prima facie wrong ending life of human beings, it seems wrong to end the life of a living human cancer cell culture too. The basis of such an argument relies on the point that culture is both human and living. Therefore, Marquis indicates that the anti-abortionist’s argument seems to be too broad. The pro-choicer aims at finding a moral principle relating to the wrongness of killing that tends to narrow down to remove fetuses under it.  

Analysis of the personal computers market from the microeconomics` Essay

Analysis of the personal computers market from the microeconomics` perspective - Essay Example A great number of competing producers There are many competing producers waiting for their chance towards competitive advantage, leading to the exploitation of price that could offer more significant customers’ advantage. This is based on the idea of Porter that the overall cost leadership could lead to competitive advantage because its bottom line is about the ability of each producer to set a competitive price for their actual product or service offering (Porter, 1998). As the competition increases, more producers are capable of offering their products or services at a remarkably lower price just to ensure their competitive edge and to guarantee a fundamental market share. This significantly happens in the market for personal computers. To cite an instance, it is not only Apple Incorporated that has the potential to produce personal computer products, but there are other companies around the world of the same industry, both local and international that are also capable of pr oducing the same offerings and present them at lower prices. Based on the concept of the law of demand, a lower price is enticing from the point of view of customers. Thus, it is a natural market response to increase their demand especially for products that are of greater value for them and set at lower prices. According to law of demand, customers tend to find substitute products just to enjoy the benefit of acquring low prices. On the other hand, the price should therefore be obviously lower in the case of products with high volume of supply. This idea is relevant to the associated concept of the law of supply. In other words, the market for personal computer because of a healthy... This paper primarily focuses on the process of price formation in the personal computers industry under the condition of free market. Both laws of demand and supply are under consideration. In this paper, there is an critical analysis of the important factors that are actually contributing to the downward fall of the market price for personal computers even in the midst of increasing demand for them. The dynamic changes in today’s economy leads to the increasing demand for various technologies. This connects us to the prevailing requirement for personal computers. The business for making personal computers would therefore make sense and this is the reason why many producers try to surface from time to time and even create vibrant improvements. The law of supply states that when there is a higher price involved, producers are more willing to produce more, and less if the associated price is low The law of demand on the other hand states that the demand for a product or service offering is higher if people could afford it through a lower price, which means they are not more likely to buy something with a higher price, provided nothing changes As the demand for personal computers increases, the market price decreases because this could be clearly due to the increase of supply linked up with the great number of competing producers that are capable of adjusting the final price of their actual product offerings, leaving the advantage to the target customers. The laws of demand and supply effects on the computer prices are illustrated in the figures in the article.

Research proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Proposal - Research Paper Example This research proposal aims at establishing the impact that the use of social media as a means of communication has had on human conduct and behavior. A number of issues have been presented in favour of continued use of social media as a means of communication. Some of the arguments include quick means of information delivery, promotion of business operations, aiding learning in schools among other views. Arguments against the use of social media include loss of privacy, identity theft, loss of face to face interaction among others. However there is less information that can be used to defend either stand on the impact of social media on human beings and this forms the basis for this research proposal. The methods that will be applied in data collection will be based on both secondary and primary sources. This will include the use of questionnaires with open end questions presented to students who use social media as a means of communication, personal interviews aimed at receiving direct feedback from various categories of people and online research on the topic. The statistical analysis will take into consideration the variation between the qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data will be done by computing the mean and standard deviation of all the values. Correlation coefficients between human behavior and usage of social media will be taken into consideration. Linear regression will also be undertaken when analyzing the specific cases where social media influences the behavior of human beings. Analysis of the content from in depth interviews will form part of the qualitative

Instrumentation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Instrumentation paper - Essay Example This absence of national statistics for recidivism does not necessarily mean, however, that the phenomenon is non-existent and is not a concern. In fact, recidivism among juvenile offenders merits special attention considering the prevalence of drug use among offenders, regardless of whether they are adult or juvenile (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007; Wei, Makkai & McGregor, 2003). Further, three general trends bared by Spiess and Fallow (2006) on the drugs and crime connection sparked interest in the focus of this concept paper : (1) the prevalence of testing positively for drug use among apprehended offenders; (2) the high incidence of offenders who tested positive on drugs when their crimes were committed; and (3) addiction being a common trigger for offenders to commit crimes to in order to support their addiction. The third trend bared in the Spiess and Fallow (2006) study points to a well-established link between crime and drug use. In fact, three-quarters of crack and heroin users confessed that they commit criminal acts to sustain their addiction (Home Office, 2008). Goaded by the various accounts leading to a connection between criminality, in general, and recidivism, the intent of the proposed study is to gather research evidence on the effects of mind altering drug use and abuse to juvenile recidivism . Juvenile offenders/recidivists. Results of the study will be of greatest benefit to juvenile offenders and recidivists, by way of its contribution to the knowledge base of juvenile problems and the suggestions which will be formulated as output or recommendations of the study to assist youth offenders in realizing the importance of freedom, healthy and drug-free living, education, a personal relationship with God and acceptance back to free society. Correctional Institutions. Management and staff of correctional institutions will find significance in the proposed output of this study, as the suggestions and the new knowledge

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 OBJECTIVE EH-12 Increase recycling of municipal Research Paper

HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 OBJECTIVE EH-12 Increase recycling of municipal solid waste - Research Paper Example Incidentally, the increasing number of environmental factors has contributed to adverse health such as exposure to harmful substances in the soil, air, water, food, etc. (Scott, 2007). Human activities such as increasing development, activities and use of unsafe chemicals as well as man-made and natural disasters are responsible for increasing environmental pollution (Spilsbury, 2014). Environmental pollution has adverse health effects on everybody. Nurses have a role to play in promoting health environment through incorporating information of the environment in their activities. Recycling of waste and water and energy conservation should be introduced to school going children to increase awareness of environmental health. The increasing rate of waste generation calls for regular measures to reduce the generation and accumulation of such waste. Some of these measures include recycling and conserving water and energy. More than 3, 000 people die every year because of waterborne diseases. Also, 1 out of 6 Americans fall sick because of eating contaminated foods. According to Allender et al., (2013, 286), â€Å"Americans produced about 254 million tons of waste in 2013 and only 87 million tons (34.3) of the waste was recycled.† This was equivalent to 1.51 pounds recycled out of 4.40 pounds of individual waste per day. Through recycling Americans reduced a total of 186 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emission into the air in 2013. The environmental health objectives of Healthy People 2020 concentrate on six themes that highlight components of environmental health. These includes global environmental health, the quality of outdoor air, homes and communities, quality of surface and underground water quality and infrastructure and development. Water is very essential to human life because about 60% of human body is composed of water. By 2018, about 1.8 billion will people will be living in regions with water scarcity. The

Outline the objectives of economic management and analyse the role of fiscal policy Essay Example for Free

Outline the objectives of economic management and analyse the role of fiscal policy Essay The Australian Government targets economic objectives that may provide equality and higher living standards throughout the country. For these benefits to reach Australian households, the Australia government has to overcome objectives such as economic growth, distribution of income, and external stability. To do so, the government uses the fiscal policy in order to influence the amount of government expenditure and revenue which can alter economic activity. The government’s fiscal strategy aims to ensure fiscal sustainability over the medium term; therefore the government is responsible for meeting its current and future spending commitments with revenue raised. Australia has had a low historical use of fiscal policy during the 1990s, however since the Global Financial Crisis; fiscal policy has been a powerful tool in maintaining Australia’s economy. Fiscal policy has a large influence over economic activity, through using the expansionary fiscal stance which involves a net increase in government spending, or a fall in taxation revenue. However, this was not the case during the period 1996-2007 as fiscal policy had a smaller role to play in the economy. As the Howard Government came into office, the stance of fiscal policy was largely contractionary. A contractionary stance occurs when government spending is reduced. An example of this stance is when the Howard Government was committed to achieving a balanced budget over the course of the economic cycle, as fiscal policy was tightened in 1996-97, 1998-99, resulting in a surplus of $1171 million. This meant that fiscal policy was generally not a major role in influencing the business cycle, instead monetary policy had the central role in maintaining economic activity. Although fiscal policy was not greatly used from the mid-1990s to 2007, it has had a large impact on recessions. As the Global Financial Crisis hit Australia, the fiscal policy was introduced in order to increase the level of economic activity, instead of letting Australia plunge into a recession. The impact of the GFC dramatically changed the budget balance, through a decline in government taxation revenue and an increase in discretionary government spending. This led to the movement from a cash surplus of $19. 7 billion in 2007-08 to a cash deficit of -$27 billion in 2009-10. Economic growth decreased to 1. 4% of GDP, which gave the government the incentive to introduce the fiscal stimulus, while the Rudd Government used an expansionary fiscal stance to support aggregate demand. The stimulus package involved a $77 billion package, with a $42 billion Nation building plan and Jobs Plan in the 2009 budget to support infrastructure and investment and the Economic Security Strategy package of $10 billion in spending on cash transfers to low and middle income households. The result of expansionary fiscal policy helped Australia avoid a recession, as these stimulus measures were estimated to boost Australia’s economic growth by 2. 75% of GDP in 2009-10. In addition, fiscal policy can influence the objective of inequality in income distribution. The government is committed into try to use a progressive taxation system which will provide a fairer distribution of income. The progressive taxation system is when higher income earners pay a larger proportion of tax compared to low income earner, leading to a redistribution of income to low income earners. An example of the progressive tax system can be seen in the ‘personal income tax thresholds’, where the highest income bracket of $180,001 and over has an effective tax rate of 30. 3-44. 9%. However, the structure of the progressive system of personal income tax changed when the Gillard Government announced it would increase the tax-free threshold to $18,200 on 1st July 2012 as part of the Clean Energy Future Package from the carbon tax and will rise again to $19,400 the following year. This threshold bracket changed from the previous 2009 and 2010 Personal Income tax threshold as all taxpayers where given a tax free threshold of $6000. Between 1996 and 2008, the Federal Government used fiscal policy in order to maintain external stability. External stability is an aim of government policy that seeks to promote sustainability on external accounts so that Australia can service its foreign liabilities in the medium to long run. External stability can be managed by the government achieving fiscal consolidation, which is running a budget surplus over the course of the business cycle. One of the main ways to run a budget surplus is to eliminate public debt, which in turn can help reduce the part of net foreign debt owned by the Australian Government. For instance, when the Howard Government was in power, there was a series of consecutive surplus budgets to retire a significant amount of public debt. From 1996-2007 the stance of fiscal policy was largely contractionary, since the Howard Government was committed to achieving a balanced budget over the course of the business cycle. It was tightened throughout the years of 1996-1999, and thereby, eliminated Commonwealth general government debt from the peak of $96 million (17. 6% of GDP) in 1996-97 to -0. 5% of GDP by 2005-06. This in turn increased Australia’s national savings and resulted in low net foreign debts. Subsequently, the fiscal policy has an effective role in achieving the economic objectives of economic growth during downturn economic activity, equal distribution of income and maintaining external stability. Australia was successful in using fiscal policy to avoid recession in 2009, when it implemented one of the largest fiscal stimulus packages in its history, as well as changes to the personal income threshold that gave a more equal distribution of income to lower income earners. By aiming to achieve fiscal surplus the Australian economy can achieve its economy objectives rapidly.

Standardized Ion Chromatograpy (IC) for Salivary Analysis

Standardized Ion Chromatograpy (IC) for Salivary Analysis According to Darvell et. al. (2004), the research is about analysis of human saliva by using ion chromatography(IC). The aim of this research is to construct out a standardized IC protocol for future salivary analysis. The samples has go through several procedures such as centrifugation to remove particulates, filtration on supernatant, and the residual droplet was removed by a paper tissue without touching it to the CFD (centrifugal filter device). This is because want to minimize the risk of back–contamination of the device. About the pretreatment, the temperature for centrifugation is set at 4Â °C which inhibit the pathogen spreading and lower the bacterial activity. The steps of pretreatment temperature, duplicate runs of the samples and recovery of known addition of standard solution are to make sure that the result obtained is reproducible and no significant different. However, the resolution has shown decrease and this may cause by the protein retained in the exchange site of column resin or the surface of suppressor. It is suggested that application of membrane ultrafiltration can minimize contamination of IC system. Besides, there are few things have to take in consideration which are pretreatment and sample dilution. If the sample pH is higher than 2-3, in pretreatment part have to avoid introducing the ionic contaminant or subtracting any ion that needed if cellulose used in material for membrane ultrafiltration. Sample dilution can make the resolution between peaks greater especially when fluid with smaller volume are available sufficient for injection. Xie et al. (2011) have reported the studies on levels of adenosine phosphate in blood which are analyzed by using ion chromatography. In this research, gradient mode of elution is used, because it well-known as can carry out fast result and provide sharp peak due to gradient compression effects. The procedure are firstly sample dilution, homogenization, centrifugation, membrane filtration and finally injection into the IC system. The addition of acetonitrile in homogenization part is to extract out the protein as precipitation. Adenosine phosphate likely retained in column and cause contamination since they are very polar molecule however this research has proven that by using this method it will not retained on the column and it can applicable to the analysis of true blood samples. Hou Cramer (2011) has evaluated on selectivity in multimodal anion exchange system priority on prediction of protein retention time and investigation of effect caused by mobile phase modifier. About selectivity, as we know protein are more strongly retain tendency with resin. The multimodal effect which the arrangement pattern has given an electrostatic attraction that manage the binding behaviors with obeying Langmuir isotherm. In this research, two anion resin was used which are Capto Adhere(ADH) and Q Sepharose FF. Result shown there was more retention on ADH because additional interactions existed. In ADH ligand, the additional interaction may composed hydrophobic properties contributed by aromatic ring and hydrogen bonding contributed by hydroxyl group. Suggested that the size of ion-exchanger should be smaller to optimize the performance and using monolithic porous column in order to improve the morphology of the resins. According to the Tyrrell ed. al. (2009), rapid IC have several advantages such as reduce the analysis time, cost and improve the productivity. The rapid IC can be transfer from the conventional method by modifying some parameter. The rapid IC using the similar stationary phases with the conventional chromatographic but the column geometry used in rapid IC was modified. Besides that, the volume used and the flow rate of sample were reduce by a factor of 12 to speed up the chromatographic process and the resolution is not affected for the smaller particle-packed columns with shorter length. In generally, gradient elution are consider more beneficial in fast separations and multi-component sample analysis. In optimize conditions, the separation speed is assume constant in this study. Meanwhile, the other parameter such as the column length was decreased by a factor of 10 and the smaller particles were reduced by a factor of 15. Reductions by factor in the parameters was reduce the resol ution, but the reduction in resolution still in the acceptable ranges, so the process still can be accepted. According to Chen Leong (2009), ÃŽ ±-fetoprotein (AFP) is a potential candidate in biopharmaceutical field, especially in the treatment of autoimmune indications. Recombinant AFP can indicate rheumatoid arthritis recently. However, due to the complexity of its structure as it contains 32 cysteines, which refolding and form 16 disulfide bonds by oxidation; the refolding process will be very hard to occur because the protein with highly disulphide-bonding is immobile on a stationary phase of chromatography. The objective of this study was to improve the refolding yield of the recombinant human AFP (rhAFP) using anion-exchange chromatography. Refolding process by batch dilution was studied as a control. Instead of ion-exchange column, a PD-10 desalting column was used to remove the DTT from protein mixture. The mixture was then eluted out the desalting column and refolding buffer was added. There were two types of anion-exchange column to carry out on-column refolding, which were Q-FF columns and DEAR-FF columns. Same procedures were performed on this refolding process as batch dilution, the protein was incubated in the column with refolding buffer for 0-24 hours, but with an addition of stripping buffer after refolding cycle. Next off-column refolding was carried out using a 1ml Q-FF column. Unlike on-column refolding, the protein was not incubated in column but treated with refolding buffer with or without 0.5M L-arginine after elution process. For batch dilution, as a result, the refolding yield is at maximum level which was around 55% at less than 0.5mg/ml of rhAFP, but at the allowable greatest concentration of protein refolding which is 0.45mg/ml, the yield of refolding obtained is 14% only. This is because high concentration of protein would lead to high aggregation and hence, low refolding process. 0.45mg/ml was the highest protein refolding concentration in this section because of solubility and viscosity limitation in preparation step of higher concentr ation of protein sample. On the other hand, refolding process in DEAE-FF column had higher recovery yield of rhAFP compared to that in Q-FF column which were 19% and 15% respectively when the amount of rhAFP load was 1mg. Q-FF is a strong anion-exchanger compared to DEAE-FF, this caused the strong interaction between protein samples with matrix and limited the disulfide shuffling to refold. In contrast, the interaction in DEAE-FF is relatively weaker, so the disulfide shuffling had higher efficiency and increased refolding process occurrence. The stripping buffer was added after refolding cycle to elute more refolded rhAFP, as the protein was mostly bound on column during refolding and elution process. Similar to result of batch dilution, increased amount of protein load brought increased aggregation and lower refolding process. Furthermore, aggregation of protein at the top section of the column can prevent the protein to move through the column, so another test was done with addit ion of NaCl to refolding process conducted in DEAE-FF column and it showed higher refolding yield. Investigation of off-column refolding was done without incubation of protein in Q-FF column with refolding buffer. Without addition of L-arginine, the refolding yield of 1mg of rhAFP load was higher than on-column refolding, and the yield could be increased to 42% after addition of L-arginine. The possible reason is due to interference of L-arginine toward the adsorption of rhAFP on the matrix. Hence it is impossible to add L-arginine if on-column refolding was desired to be performed. Actually, instead of Q-FF column, the off-column refolding can be conducted on DEAE-FF column with addition of L-arginine and NaCl, the outcome should be interesting to investigate. In a nutshell, off-column refolding yielded the most among the methods, which was 13-fold increase from batch dilution.